Spring Boot Token based Authentication with Spring Security & JWT
Overview of Spring Boot JWT Authentication example
We will build a Spring Boot application in that:
User can signup new account, or login with username & password.
By User’s role (admin, moderator, user), we authorize the User to access resources
These are APIs that we need to provide:
Methods
Urls
Actions
POST
/api/auth/signup
signup new account
POST
/api/auth/signin
login an account
GET
/api/test/all
retrieve public content
GET
/api/test/user
access User’s content
GET
/api/test/mod
access Moderator’s content
GET
/api/test/admin
access Admin’s content
The database we will use could be PostgreSQL or MySQL depending on the way we configure project dependency & datasource.
Spring Boot Signup & Login with JWT Authentication Flow
The diagram shows flow of how we implement User Registration, User Login and Authorization process.

A legal JWT must be added to HTTP Authorization Header if Client accesses protected resources.
Spring Boot Server Architecture with Spring Security
You can have an overview of our Spring Boot Server with the diagram below:

Now I will explain it briefly.
Spring Security
– WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
is the crux of our security implementation. It provides HttpSecurity
configurations to configure cors, csrf, session management, rules for protected resources. We can also extend and customize the default configuration that contains the elements below.
– UserDetailsService
interface has a method to load User by username and returns a UserDetails
object that Spring Security can use for authentication and validation.
– UserDetails
contains necessary information (such as: username, password, authorities) to build an Authentication object.
– UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
gets {username, password} from login Request, AuthenticationManager
will use it to authenticate a login account.
– AuthenticationManager
has a DaoAuthenticationProvider
(with help of UserDetailsService
& PasswordEncoder
) to validate UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
object. If successful, AuthenticationManager
returns a fully populated Authentication object (including granted authorities).
– OncePerRequestFilter
makes a single execution for each request to our API. It provides a doFilterInternal()
method that we will implement parsing & validating JWT, loading User details (using UserDetailsService
), checking Authorizaion (using UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
).
– AuthenticationEntryPoint
will catch authentication error.
Repository contains UserRepository
& RoleRepository
to work with Database, will be imported into Controller.
Controller receives and handles request after it was filtered by OncePerRequestFilter
.
– AuthController
handles signup/login requests
– TestController
has accessing protected resource methods with role based validations.
Technology
Java 8
Spring Boot 2.1.8 (with Spring Security, Spring Web, Spring Data JPA)
jjwt 0.9.1
PostgreSQL/MySQL
Maven 3.6.1
Project Structure
This is folders & files structure for our Spring Boot application:

security: we configure Spring Security & implement Security Objects here.
WebSecurityConfig
extendsWebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
UserDetailsServiceImpl
implementsUserDetailsService
UserDetailsImpl
implementsUserDetails
AuthEntryPointJwt
implementsAuthenticationEntryPoint
AuthTokenFilter
extendsOncePerRequestFilter
JwtUtils
provides methods for generating, parsing, validating JWT
controllers handle signup/login requests & authorized requests.
AuthController
: @PostMapping(‘/signin’), @PostMapping(‘/signup’)TestController
: @GetMapping(‘/api/test/all’), @GetMapping(‘/api/test/[role]’)
repository has intefaces that extend Spring Data JPA JpaRepository
to interact with Database.
UserRepository
extendsJpaRepository<User, Long>
RoleRepository
extendsJpaRepository<Role, Long>
models defines two main models for Authentication (User
) & Authorization (Role
). They have many-to-many relationship.
User
: id, username, email, password, rolesRole
: id, name
payload defines classes for Request and Response objects
We also have application.properties for configuring Spring Datasource, Spring Data JPA and App properties (such as JWT Secret string or Token expiration time).
Setup new Spring Boot project
Use Spring web tool or your development tool (Spring Tool Suite, Eclipse, Intellij) to create a Spring Boot project.
Then open pom.xml and add these dependencies:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
We also need to add one more dependency. – If you want to use PostgreSQL:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
– or MySQL is your choice:
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
Configure Spring Datasource, JPA, App properties
Under src/main/resources folder, open application.properties, add some new lines.
For PostgreSQL
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb
spring.datasource.username= postgres
spring.datasource.password= 123
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation= true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
# App Properties
bezkoder.app.jwtSecret= bezKoderSecretKey
bezkoder.app.jwtExpirationMs= 86400000
For MySQL
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username= root
spring.datasource.password= 123456
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
# App Properties
bezkoder.app.jwtSecret= bezKoderSecretKey
bezkoder.app.jwtExpirationMs= 86400000
Create the models
We’re gonna have 3 tables in database: users, roles and user_roles for many-to-many relationship.
Let’s define these models. In models package, create 3 files:
ERole
enum in ERole.java.
In this example, we have 3 roles corresponding to 3 enum.
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.models;
public enum ERole {
ROLE_USER,
ROLE_MODERATOR,
ROLE_ADMIN
}
Role
model in Role.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.models;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "roles")
public class Role {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
@Column(length = 20)
private ERole name;
public Role() {
}
public Role(ERole name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public ERole getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(ERole name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
User
model in User.java.
It has 5 fields: id, username, email, password, roles.
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.models;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.*;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
@Entity
@Table( name = "users",
uniqueConstraints = {
@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = "username"),
@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = "email")
})
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@NotBlank
@Size(max = 20)
private String username;
@NotBlank
@Size(max = 50)
@Email
private String email;
@NotBlank
@Size(max = 120)
private String password;
@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinTable( name = "user_roles",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id"))
private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
public User() {
}
public User(String username, String email, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.email = email;
this.password = password;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Set<Role> getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
}
Implement Repositories
Now, each model above needs a repository for persisting and accessing data. In repository package, let’s create 2 repositories.
UserRepository
There are 3 necessary methods that JpaRepository
supports.
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.repository;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.User;
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);
Boolean existsByUsername(String username);
Boolean existsByEmail(String email);
}
RoleRepository
This repository also extends JpaRepository
and provides a finder method.
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.repository;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.ERole;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.Role;
@Repository
public interface RoleRepository extends JpaRepository<Role, Long> {
Optional<Role> findByName(ERole name);
}
Configure Spring Security
In security package, create WebSecurityConfig
class that extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
.
WebSecurityConfig.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt.AuthEntryPointJwt;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt.AuthTokenFilter;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services.UserDetailsServiceImpl;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(
// securedEnabled = true,
// jsr250Enabled = true,
prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private AuthEntryPointJwt unauthorizedHandler;
@Bean
public AuthTokenFilter authenticationJwtTokenFilter() {
return new AuthTokenFilter();
}
@Override
public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.cors().and().csrf().disable()
.exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler).and()
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()
.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/api/test/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated();
http.addFilterBefore(authenticationJwtTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
}
Let me explain the code above.
– @EnableWebSecurity
allows Spring to find and automatically apply the class to the global Web Security.
– @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity
provides AOP security on methods. It enables @PreAuthorize
, @PostAuthorize
, it also supports JSR-250. You can find more parameters in configuration in Method Security Expressions.
– We override the configure(HttpSecurity http)
method from WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
interface. It tells Spring Security how we configure CORS and CSRF, when we want to require all users to be authenticated or not, which filter (AuthTokenFilter
) and when we want it to work (filter before UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
), which Exception Handler is chosen (AuthEntryPointJwt
).
– Spring Security will load User details to perform authentication & authorization. So it has UserDetailsService
interface that we need to implement.
– The implementation of UserDetailsService
will be used for configuring DaoAuthenticationProvider
by AuthenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService()
method.
– We also need a PasswordEncoder
for the DaoAuthenticationProvider
. If we don’t specify, it will use plain text.
Implement UserDetails & UserDetailsService
If the authentication process is successful, we can get User’s information such as username, password, authorities from an Authentication
object.
Authentication authentication =
authenticationManager.authenticate(
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password)
);
UserDetails userDetails = (UserDetails) authentication.getPrincipal();
// userDetails.getUsername()
// userDetails.getPassword()
// userDetails.getAuthorities()
If we want to get more data (id, email…), we can create an implementation of this UserDetails
interface.
security/services/UserDetailsImpl.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
public class UserDetailsImpl implements UserDetails {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Long id;
private String username;
private String email;
@JsonIgnore
private String password;
private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
public UserDetailsImpl(Long id, String username, String email, String password,
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.email = email;
this.password = password;
this.authorities = authorities;
}
public static UserDetailsImpl build(User user) {
List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = user.getRoles().stream()
.map(role -> new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName().name()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return new UserDetailsImpl(
user.getId(),
user.getUsername(),
user.getEmail(),
user.getPassword(),
authorities);
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
UserDetailsImpl user = (UserDetailsImpl) o;
return Objects.equals(id, user.id);
}
}
Look at the code above, you can notice that we convert Set<Role>
into List<GrantedAuthority>
. It is important to work with Spring Security and Authentication
object later.
As I have said before, we need UserDetailsService
for getting UserDetails
object. You can look at UserDetailsService
interface that has only one method:
public interface UserDetailsService {
UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
}
So we implement it and override loadUserByUsername()
method.
security/services/UserDetailsServiceImpl.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.User;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.repository.UserRepository;
@Service
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@Override
@Transactional
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username)
.orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("User Not Found with username: " + username));
return UserDetailsImpl.build(user);
}
}
In the code above, we get full custom User object using UserRepository
, then we build a UserDetails
object using static build()
method.
Filter the Requests
Let’s define a filter that executes once per request. So we create AuthTokenFilter
class that extends OncePerRequestFilter
and override doFilterInternal()
method.
security/jwt/AuthTokenFilter.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services.UserDetailsServiceImpl;
public class AuthTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private JwtUtils jwtUtils;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthTokenFilter.class);
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String jwt = parseJwt(request);
if (jwt != null && jwtUtils.validateJwtToken(jwt)) {
String username = jwtUtils.getUserNameFromJwtToken(jwt);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Cannot set user authentication: {}", e);
}
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
private String parseJwt(HttpServletRequest request) {
String headerAuth = request.getHeader("Authorization");
if (StringUtils.hasText(headerAuth) && headerAuth.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
return headerAuth.substring(7, headerAuth.length());
}
return null;
}
}
What we do inside doFilterInternal()
:
– get JWT
from the Authorization header (by removing Bearer
prefix)
– if the request has JWT
, validate it, parse username
from it
– from username
, get UserDetails
to create an Authentication
object
– set the current UserDetails
in SecurityContext using setAuthentication(authentication)
method.
After this, everytime you want to get UserDetails
, just use SecurityContext
like this:
UserDetails userDetails =
(UserDetails) SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();
// userDetails.getUsername()
// userDetails.getPassword()
// userDetails.getAuthorities()
Create JWT Utility class
This class has 3 funtions:
generate a
JWT
from username, date, expiration, secretget username from
JWT
validate a
JWT
security/jwt/JwtUtils.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services.UserDetailsImpl;
import io.jsonwebtoken.*;
@Component
public class JwtUtils {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtUtils.class);
@Value("${bezkoder.app.jwtSecret}")
private String jwtSecret;
@Value("${bezkoder.app.jwtExpirationMs}")
private int jwtExpirationMs;
public String generateJwtToken(Authentication authentication) {
UserDetailsImpl userPrincipal = (UserDetailsImpl) authentication.getPrincipal();
return Jwts.builder()
.setSubject((userPrincipal.getUsername()))
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(new Date((new Date()).getTime() + jwtExpirationMs))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, jwtSecret)
.compact();
}
public String getUserNameFromJwtToken(String token) {
return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtSecret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject();
}
public boolean validateJwtToken(String authToken) {
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtSecret).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
return true;
} catch (SignatureException e) {
logger.error("Invalid JWT signature: {}", e.getMessage());
} catch (MalformedJwtException e) {
logger.error("Invalid JWT token: {}", e.getMessage());
} catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
logger.error("JWT token is expired: {}", e.getMessage());
} catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {
logger.error("JWT token is unsupported: {}", e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
logger.error("JWT claims string is empty: {}", e.getMessage());
}
return false;
}
}
Remember that we’ve added bezkoder.app.jwtSecret
and bezkoder.app.jwtExpirationMs
properties in application.properties
file.
Handle Authentication Exception
Now we create AuthEntryPointJwt
class that implements AuthenticationEntryPoint
interface. Then we override the commence()
method. This method will be triggerd anytime unauthenticated User requests a secured HTTP resource and an AuthenticationException
is thrown.
security/jwt/AuthEntryPointJwt.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class AuthEntryPointJwt implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthEntryPointJwt.class);
@Override
public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {
logger.error("Unauthorized error: {}", authException.getMessage());
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, "Error: Unauthorized");
}
}
HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED
is the 401 Status code. It indicates that the request requires HTTP authentication.
We’ve already built all things for Spring Security. The next sections of this tutorial will show you how to implement Controllers for our RestAPIs.
Define payloads for Spring RestController
Let me summarize the payloads for our RestAPIs: – Requests:
LoginRequest: { username, password }
SignupRequest: { username, email, password }
– Responses:
JwtResponse: { token, type, id, username, email, roles }
MessageResponse: { message }
To keep the tutorial not so long, I don’t show these POJOs here. You can find details for payload classes in source code of the project on Github.
Create Spring RestAPIs Controllers
Controller for Authentication
This controller provides APIs for register and login actions.
– /api/auth/signup
check existing
username
/email
create new
User
(withROLE_USER
if not specifying role)save
User
to database usingUserRepository
– /api/auth/signin
authenticate { username, pasword }
update
SecurityContext
usingAuthentication
objectgenerate
JWT
get
UserDetails
fromAuthentication
objectresponse contains
JWT
andUserDetails
data
controllers/AuthController.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.controllers;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.ERole;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.Role;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.models.User;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.payload.request.LoginRequest;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.payload.request.SignupRequest;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.payload.response.JwtResponse;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.payload.response.MessageResponse;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.repository.RoleRepository;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.repository.UserRepository;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.jwt.JwtUtils;
import com.bezkoder.springjwt.security.services.UserDetailsImpl;
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
@Autowired
AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
RoleRepository roleRepository;
@Autowired
PasswordEncoder encoder;
@Autowired
JwtUtils jwtUtils;
@PostMapping("/signin")
public ResponseEntity<?> authenticateUser(@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword()));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
String jwt = jwtUtils.generateJwtToken(authentication);
UserDetailsImpl userDetails = (UserDetailsImpl) authentication.getPrincipal();
List<String> roles = userDetails.getAuthorities().stream()
.map(item -> item.getAuthority())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return ResponseEntity.ok(new JwtResponse(jwt,
userDetails.getId(),
userDetails.getUsername(),
userDetails.getEmail(),
roles));
}
@PostMapping("/signup")
public ResponseEntity<?> registerUser(@Valid @RequestBody SignupRequest signUpRequest) {
if (userRepository.existsByUsername(signUpRequest.getUsername())) {
return ResponseEntity
.badRequest()
.body(new MessageResponse("Error: Username is already taken!"));
}
if (userRepository.existsByEmail(signUpRequest.getEmail())) {
return ResponseEntity
.badRequest()
.body(new MessageResponse("Error: Email is already in use!"));
}
// Create new user's account
User user = new User(signUpRequest.getUsername(),
signUpRequest.getEmail(),
encoder.encode(signUpRequest.getPassword()));
Set<String> strRoles = signUpRequest.getRole();
Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
if (strRoles == null) {
Role userRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.ROLE_USER)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
roles.add(userRole);
} else {
strRoles.forEach(role -> {
switch (role) {
case "admin":
Role adminRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.ROLE_ADMIN)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
roles.add(adminRole);
break;
case "mod":
Role modRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.ROLE_MODERATOR)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
roles.add(modRole);
break;
default:
Role userRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.ROLE_USER)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
roles.add(userRole);
}
});
}
user.setRoles(roles);
userRepository.save(user);
return ResponseEntity.ok(new MessageResponse("User registered successfully!"));
}
}
Controller for testing Authorization
There are 4 APIs:
– /api/test/all
for public access
– /api/test/user
for users has ROLE_USER
or ROLE_MODERATOR
or ROLE_ADMIN
– /api/test/mod
for users has ROLE_MODERATOR
– /api/test/admin
for users has ROLE_ADMIN
Do you remember that we used @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
for WebSecurityConfig
class?
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { ... }
Now we can secure methods in our Apis with @PreAuthorize
annotation easily.
controllers/TestController.java
package com.bezkoder.springjwt.controllers;
import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/test")
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/all")
public String allAccess() {
return "Public Content.";
}
@GetMapping("/user")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER') or hasRole('MODERATOR') or hasRole('ADMIN')")
public String userAccess() {
return "User Content.";
}
@GetMapping("/mod")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('MODERATOR')")
public String moderatorAccess() {
return "Moderator Board.";
}
@GetMapping("/admin")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
public String adminAccess() {
return "Admin Board.";
}
}
Run & Test
Run Spring Boot application with command: mvn spring-boot:run
Tables that we define in models package will be automatically generated in Database. If you check PostgreSQL for example, you can see things like this:
\d users
Table "public.users"
Column | Type | Modifiers
----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
id | bigint | not null default nextval('users_id_seq'::regclass)
email | character varying(50) |
password | character varying(120) |
username | character varying(20) |
Indexes:
"users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"uk6dotkott2kjsp8vw4d0m25fb7" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (email)
"ukr43af9ap4edm43mmtq01oddj6" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (username)
Referenced by:
TABLE "user_roles" CONSTRAINT "fkhfh9dx7w3ubf1co1vdev94g3f" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
\d roles;
Table "public.roles"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('roles_id_seq'::regclass)
name | character varying(20) |
Indexes:
"roles_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Referenced by:
TABLE "user_roles" CONSTRAINT "fkh8ciramu9cc9q3qcqiv4ue8a6" FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(id)
\d user_roles
Table "public.user_roles"
Column | Type | Modifiers
---------+---------+-----------
user_id | bigint | not null
role_id | integer | not null
Indexes:
"user_roles_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (user_id, role_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
"fkh8ciramu9cc9q3qcqiv4ue8a6" FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(id)
"fkhfh9dx7w3ubf1co1vdev94g3f" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
We also need to add some rows into roles table before assigning any role to User. Run following SQL insert statements:
INSERT INTO roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_MODERATOR');
INSERT INTO roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_ADMIN');
Then check the tables:
> SELECT * FROM roles;
id | name
----+----------------
1 | ROLE_USER
2 | ROLE_MODERATOR
3 | ROLE_ADMIN
(3 rows)
Register some users with /signup
API:
admin with
ROLE_ADMIN
mod with
ROLE_MODERATOR
andROLE_USER
zkoder with
ROLE_USER

Our tables after signup could look like this.
> SELECT * FROM users;
id | email | password | username
----+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------
1 | admin@bezkoder.com | $2a$10$4K8Vq5mw.nwxl.WRmuYCfevme82c73uGkEcnPbmm/3/YJ3UToie7m | admin
2 | mod@bezkoder.com | $2a$10$1dCKuQoQqbBNCK.Rb8XQSemwqdHdVAcCTb1kUQLg2key/4VX./TvS | mod
3 | user@bezkoder.com | $2a$10$e9Mgd/63paPL0VBj232BH.tQvIgQu0/tBg/rwfyDVMUcQc8djEPle | zkoder
(3 rows)
> SELECT * FROM roles;
id | name
----+----------------
1 | ROLE_USER
2 | ROLE_MODERATOR
3 | ROLE_ADMIN
(3 rows)
>SELECT * FROM user_roles;
user_id | role_id
---------+---------
1 | 3
2 | 1
2 | 2
3 | 1
(4 rows)
Access public resource: GET /api/test/all

Access protected resource: GET /api/test/user

Login an account: POST /api/auth/signin

Access ROLE_USER
resource: GET /api/test/user

Access ROLE_MODERATOR
resource: GET /api/test/mod

Access ROLE_ADMIN
resource: GET /api/test/admin

Conclusion
Congratulation!
Today we’ve learned so many interesting things about Spring Security and JWT Token based Authentication in just a Spring Boot example. Despite we wrote a lot of code, I hope you will understand the overall architecture of the application, and apply it in your project at ease.
You can also know how to deploy Spring Boot App on AWS (for free) with this tutorial.
Happy learning! See you again.
Further Reading
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